I always enjoy your thoughtful responses, Bob. I would agree with you that many more peoples throughout history have believed in and acted on their belief of superiority. I also didn’t intend but may have suggested that white exceptionalism is a trait of all white people although a very large number have been infected.

Race isn’t necessarily the primary motivation for many actions, it usually comes back to money and power. Where race comes into play is the steps those believing in white exceptionalism’s willingness to abuse those of other races to attain their goals.

You also mentioned the Monroe Doctrine which to my mind was pretty much white nations deciding how to divide up the America’s. A policy in which we were willing to go to war to fend off Spain while allowing Britain to violate the terms willy-nilly.